The purpose of this section is to explain the character sets for the Japanese language.
JIS X 0201 has the following code elements:
ISO-IR 13 Japanese katakana (phonetic) characters (94 characters)
ISO-IR 14 Japanese romaji (alphanumeric) characters (94 characters)
JIS X 0201 defines a 7-bit romaji code table (ISO-IR 14), a 7-bit katakana code table (ISO-IR 13), and the combination of romaji and katakana as an 8-bit code table (ISO-IR 14 as G0, ISO-IR 13 as G1).
The 7-bit romaji (ISO-IR 14) is identical to ASCII (ISO-IR 6) except that bit combination 05/12 represents a yen sign and bit combination 07/14 represents an over-line. These are national Graphic Character allocations in ISO 646.
Escape Sequence for ISO/IEC 2022 (for reference) (For the Defined Terms, see PS 3.3)
| ISO-IR 14 | ISO-IR 13 | |
| G0 set | ESC 02/08 04/10 | ESC 02/08 04/09 |
| G1 set | ESC 02/09 04/10 | ESC 02/09 04/09 |
Notes: 1. The table does not include the G2 and G3 sets that are not used in DICOM. See Section 6.1.2.5.1.
2. Defined Terms ISO_IR 13 and ISO 2022 IR 13 for the value of the Specific Character Set (0008,0005) support the G0 set for ISO-IR 14 and G1 set for ISO-IR 13. See PS 3.3.
JIS X 0208 has the following code element:
ISO-IR 87: Japanese kanji (ideographic), hiragana (phonetic), and katakana (phonetic) characters (942 characters, 2-byte).
JIS X 0212 has the following code element:
ISO-IR 159: Supplementary Japanese kanji (ideographic) characters (942 characters, 2-byte)
Escape Sequence for ISO/IEC 2022 (for reference) (For the Defined Terms, see PS 3.3)
| ISO-IR 87 | ISO-IR 159 | |
| G0 set | ESC 02/04 04/02 | ESC 02/04 02/08 04/04 |
| G1 set | ESC 02/04 02/09 04/02 | ESC 02/04 02/09 04/04 |
Notes: 1. The Escape Sequence for the designation function G0-DESIGNATE 94-SET, has first I byte 02/04 and second I byte 02/08. There is an exception to this: The second I byte 02/08 is omitted if the Final Byte is 04/00, 04/01 or 04/02. See ISO/IEC 2022.2. The table does not include the G2 and G3 sets that are not used in DICOM. See Section 6.1.2.5.1.
3. Defined Term ISO 2022 IR 87 for the value of the Specific Character Set (0008,0005) supports the G0 set for ISO-IR 87, and Defined Term ISO 2022 IR 159 supports the G0 set for ISO-IR 159. See PS 3.3.
DICOM has adopted an encoding method for Japanese character sets that is similar to the method for Internet practice.
The major protocols for the Internet such as SMTP, NNTP and HTTP adopt the encoding method for Japanese characters called “ISO-2022-JP” as described in RFC 1468, Japanese Character Encoding for Internet Messages. There is also a less commonly used Internet practice called “ISO-2022-JP-2” described in RFC 1554, which supports a larger repertoire of character sets and additionally requires an escape to a single-byte character set before encoding a SPACE (unlike DICOM and ISO-2022-JP).
The character sets supported for the Japanese language in DICOM and Internet practice are:
| DICOM | ISO-2022-JP | ISO-2022-JP-2 |
| ASCII (ISO-IR 6) JIS X 0201 Katakana (ISO-IR 13) JIS X 0201 Romaji (ISO-IR 14) JIS X 0208 Kanji (ISO-IR 87) JIS X 0212 Kanji (ISO-IR 159) | ASCII (ISO-IR 6) JIS-X 0201 Romaji (ISO-IR 14) JIS X 0208-1978 Kanji (ISO-IR 42) JIS-X 0208-1983 Kanji (ISO-IR 87) | ASCII (ISO-IR 6) ISO8859-1 (ISO-IR 100) ISO8859-7 Greek (ISO-IR 126) JIS X 0201 Romaji (ISO-IR 14) JIS X 0208-1978 Kanji (ISO-IR 42) JIS X 0208-1983 Kanji (ISO-IR 87) JIS X 0212-1990 Kanji (ISO-IR 159) GB2312-1980 (ISO-IR 58) KSC5601-1987 (ISO-IR 149) |
The Control Character sets supported in DICOM and Internet practice are:
| DICOM | ISO-2022-JP and ISO-2022-JP-2 |
| LF (00/10) FF (00/12) CR (00/13) ESC (01/11) | LF (00/10) CR (00/13) SO (00/14) SI (00/15) ESC (01/11) |
Character strings representing person names are encoded using a convention for PN value representations based on component groups with 5 components.
For languages that use ideographic characters, it is sometimes necessary to write names both in ideographic characters and in phonetic characters. Ideographic characters may be required for official purposes, while phonetic characters may be needed for pronunciation and data processing purposes.
For the purpose of writing names in ideographic characters and in phonetic characters, up to 3 component groups may be used. The delimiter of the component group shall be the equals character “=” (3DH). The three component groups in their order of occurrence are: an alphabetic representation, an ideographic representation, and a phonetic representation.
In this case, ISO-IR 6 is used by default.
(0008,0005) \ISO 2022 IR 87
Character String:
[pic]
Encoded representation:
05/09 06/01 06/13 06/01 06/04 06/01 5/14 05/04 06/01 07/02 06/15 07/05 03/13 01/11 02/04 04/02 03/11 03/03 04/05 04/04 01/11 02/08 04/02 05/14 01/11 02/04 04/02 04/02 04/00 04/15 03/10 01/11 02/08 04/02 03/13 01/11 02/04 04/02 02/04 06/04 02/04 05/14 02/04 04/00 01/11 02/08 04/02 05/14 01/11 02/04 04/02 02/04 03/15 02/04 06/13 02/04 02/06 01/11 02/08 04/02
An example of what might be displayed or printed by an ASCII based machine that displays or prints the Control Character ESC (01/11) using \033:
Yamada^Tarou=\033$B;3ED\033(B^\033$BB@O:\033(B=\033$B$d$^$@\033(B^\033$B$?$m$&\033(B
Table H-1CHARACTER SETS AND ESCAPE SEQUENCES USED IN EXAMPLE 1
| Character Set Description | Component Group | Value of (0008,0005) Defined Term | ISO Registration Number | Standard for Code Extension | ESC Sequence | Character Set: Purpose of Use | |
| Japanese | First: Single-byte | Value 1: none | ISO-IR 6 | GL | ISO 646: | ||
| Second: Ideographic | Value 2: ISO 2022 IR 87 | ISO-IR 87 | ISO 2022 | ESC 02/04 04/02 | GL | JIS X 0208: Japanese kanji, hiragana, katakana | |
| Value 1: none | ISO-IR 6 | ISO 2022 | ESC 02/08 04/02 | GL | ISO 646: for delimiters | ||
| Third: Phonetic | Value 2: ISO 2022 IR 87 | ISO-IR 87 | ISO 2022 | ESC 02/04 04/02 | GL | JIS X 0208: Japanese hiragana, and katakana | |
| Value 1: none | ISO-IR 6 | ISO 2022 | ESC 02/08 04/02 | GL | ISO 646: for delimiters |
(0008,0005) ISO 2022 IR 13\ISO 2022 IR 87
Character String:
[pic]
Encoded representation:
13/04 12/15 12/00 13/14 05/14 12/00 13/11 11/03 03/13 01/11 02/04 04/02 03/11 03/03 04/05 04/04 01/11 02/08 04/10 05/14 01/11 02/04 04/02 04/02 04/00 04/15 03/10 01/11 02/08 04/10 03/13 01/11 02/04 04/02 02/04 06/04 02/04 05/14 02/04 04/00 01/11 02/08 04/10 05/14 01/11 02/04 04/02 02/04 03/15 02/04 06/13 02/04 02/06 01/11 02/08 04/10
An example of what might be displayed or printed by an ASCII based machine that displays or prints the Control Character ESC (01/11) using \033:
\324\3l7\300\336^\300\333\263=\033$B;3ED\033(J^\033$BB@O:\033(J=\033$B$d$^$@\033(J^\033$B$?$m$&\033(J
Table H-2CHARACTER SETS AND ESCAPE SEQUENCES USED IN EXAMPLE 2
| Character Set Description | Component Group | Value of (0008,0005) Defined Term | ISO Registration Number | Standard for Code Extension | ESC Sequence | Character Set: Purpose of Use | |
| Japanese | First: Single-byte | Value 1: ISO 2022 IR 13 | ISO-IR 13 | ISO 2022 | ESC 02/09 04/09 | GR | JIS X 0201: Japanese katakana |
| ISO-IR 14 | ISO 2022 | ESC 02/08 04/10 | GL | JIS X 0201: Japanese romaji for delimiters | |||
| Second: Ideographic | Value 2: ISO 2022 IR 87 | ISO-IR 87 | ISO 2022 | ESC 02/04 04/02 | GL | JIS X 0208: Japanese kanji, hiragana, katakana | |
| Value 1: ISO 2022 IR 13 | ISO-IR 14 | ISO 2022 | ESC 02/08 04/10 | GL | JIS X 0201: Japanese romaji for delimiters | ||
| Third: Phonetic | Value 2: ISO 2022 IR 87 | ISO-IR 87 | ISO 2022 | ESC 02/04 04/02 | GL | JIS X 0208: Japanese hiragana, and katakana | |
| Value 1: ISO 2022 IR 13 | ISO-IR 14 | ISO 2022 | ESC 02/08 04/10 | GL | JIS X 0201: Japanese romaji for delimiters |